Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia, known as "Maria Pavlovna the Younger" (St. Petersburg, 18 April [O.S. 6 April] 1890 – Konstanz, 13 December 1958) was a grand daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and a paternal first cousin of Nicholas II, Russia's last Tsar and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh..

Her early life was marked by the death of her mother and her father's banishment from Russia when he remarried a commoner in 1902. Grand Duchess Maria and her younger brother Dmitri, to whom she remained very close throughout her life, were raised in Moscow by their paternal uncle Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and his wife Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.