Demosthenes was a Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.

The origin of this bust of Demosthenes is unknown but could be attributed to either Joseph Wilton or John Cheere's adaption of a famous ancient work now in the Museo Acheologico, Naples, titled 'Generale Romano' (Roman General), a 2nd-century AD marble after a Hellenistic original. 

The bust was cast in 1793 by 'E. Gastecloux'